Diphtheria is Known For Creating A Slimy/sticky/smelly Exudate In The Throat And Mouth, But There Are

fungal infectors by systems 

Sorry guys haven’t been updating much lately 

Pneumonia & Meningitis Timelines

MICROBIOLOGY MNEMONIC

My favorite band: the Killers (and I’m gonna see them for the second time in 3 weeks!!!!!!! I’m SO excited!!!!!!)

There’s this mnemonic to remember encapsulated organisms that use capsule layers as their major mechanism of pathogenicity. 

Capsules are slippery layers and can not be phagocyte. To remember that, just remember this Killer’s song called “All the pretty faces”

This is the only way I can remember this mnemonic, here it goes…

S ome   K illers  H ave   P retty   N ice   Capsules

S treptococcus pneumoniae

K lebsiella pneumoniae

H aemophilus influenzae

P seudomona aeuroginosa

N eisseria meningitidis

C riptococcus neoformans

Motivation can be experienced differently for each of us. While some people just get this kind of impulsive motivation, others develop their motivation through actions.

@masterposts @studymasterposts

I would like to show you why it is wrong to wait for your motivation and why you should just do something instead - it doesn’t matter how big your action is.

How to gain motivation

OK, so just like I told you above there exists a concept of just doing some random shit. That means that you start small even though you know that you should do more.

You need to write an essay in two days but you’re spending all the time watching a cat jumping from a window? (if you followed the link - yeah, it’s funny but please continue reading my bullshit lol)

The solution to your stressful task is to start doing something even if it doesn’t seem big or challenging. (In our example with the essay this would mean, starting the writing program/ writing “Outline for my essay” on a paper/ starting a draft as small as possible etc.)

You need to clean your room? Search the smallest task and do this one: put your old pizza that’s laying on the floor in the trash can and your underwear where it belongs - you don’t want your dog to eat it, right?

You want to get fit and start working out? Maybe you had an impulse of motivation one week ago, but now you’re laying on the couch like the cutest panda ever, eating sweets and asking yourself where your motivation went.

You already have an idea what you need to do now, right? Just do one push-up/ lunge/ crunch whatever.

It doesn’t matter how small your action is, but if you experience the feeling of this small success you’ll keep going.

How to stay motivated (Part 1)

Now that you’re finally motivated (doesn’t matter how), you really need to stick on that workflow or whatever you’re trying to achieve. One of the simplest things to maintain your motivation is to think of why you started. Here are some examples:

I know that I’m able to get this shit done.

I want to prove that I can do more than I thought.

I want to show everybody that I’m taking my responsibilities seriously.

I need to pass that exam.

Failing is worse than studying.

etc. (the reason needs to come from your heart - if it isn’t true, it won’t work)

Another way (which is pretty simple and works pretty good for most of the people) is the chain system: 

Draw 31 boxes (for one month) and tick one each day after completing your task. This method is pretty common because it is pretty simple and works for no matter how much time you want to do your habit. (The lovely @emmastudies has created a lot of wonderful printables, maybe you find more details there for study tracking.) After keeping up with the growing chain, you’ll be thinking twice before interrupting the chain and stopping your chain.

Part 2 will be posted on Friday, 06.01.

Immunosupressants Drug Mnemonic

Bc everything’s better when I study with Harry Potter references.

I’m reposting it, because I love this chart

Antimicrobial Agents  - Cell wall inhibitors

Based on mode of action • divided into families based on chemical structure

 Modes of action Interference with: 

cell wall synthesis 

protein synthesis 

nucleic acid synthesis 

plasma membrane integrity 

metabolic pathway 

Inhibitors of Bacterial Cell Wall (peptidoglycan) Synthesis 

The Beta-lactam Family 

The Glycopeptides 

Peptidoglycan is composed of N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) repeat units, and amino acids.  Each NAM is linked to peptide chain and the peptide chains are cross-linked.

β-lactams 

Includes penicillin derivatives (penams), cephalosporins (cephems), monobactams, and carbapenems.

class of broad-spectrum antibiotics containing a β-lactam ring

Bacterial transpeptidase enzymes are responsible for catalysing cross-linking of the peptide chains

β-lactam ring bind to these transpeptidases – this inhibits cross-linking between peptide chains and prevents synthesis of stable PG

Cell wall synthesis ceases and the bacterial cells eventually die due to osmotic instability or autolysis. 

Glycopeptides 

Polypeptide agents - basic structural elements amino acids 

Vancomycin: 

complexes with peptide portion of peptidoglycan’s precursor units 

vancomycin is a large hydrophilic molecule able to form hydrogen bonds with the terminal D-alanyl-D-alanine moieties of the NAM/NAG-peptides

preventing PG transglycosylation reaction – PG precursor subunits (NAG-NAM+peptide) cannot be inserted into peptidoglycan matrix;

Vancomycin also alters bacterial-cell-membrane permeability and RNA synthesis

Uses:  serious Gram positive infections e.g. MRSA wound infection

Adverse effects:

damage to auditory nerve 

hearing loss (ototoxicity) 

“Red man/neck” syndrome - rash on face, neck, upper torso 

A sample of notes from Medical Virology // I keep the margins empty so that I have space to add in relevant additional material from extra reading

Petechial hemorrhages on palms of hand in Rocky mountain spotted fever due to Rickettsia rickettsii: In RMSF, the petechial rash begins on the palms and spreads to the trunk.

[x]