Petechial Hemorrhages On Palms Of Hand In Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever Due To Rickettsia Rickettsii:

Rx Mnemonics

A nthrax = ACiD

Ci profloxacin

D oxycycline

Tr ichinellosis = TrAM

A lbendazole

M ebendazole

C utaneous Larva Migrans = CIA

I vermectin

A lbendazole

Le ptospirosis = LeAD

A moxicillin

D oxycycline

B rucellosis = BaRDS

Ba ctrim

R ifampicin

D oxycycline

S treptomycin

Ra t Bite Fever = RaPT

P enicillin

T etracycline

Ca t Scratch Disease = CaRAz

R ifampin

Az ithromycin

Ba besiosis = BAAz

A tovaquone

Az ithromycin

Recurrente infections with catalase positive organisms in Chronic Granulomatose Disease (CGD)

Horizontal gene transfer

Neisseria gonorrhoeae

PMN filled with Neisseria gonorrhoeae => Gram- diplococci, glucose fermenter, non maltose fermenter, oxidase positive.

Very inflammatory response: exudate with high number of PMN. TX with ceftriaxone and always ALWAYS test for Chlamydia trachomatis (since is more common and exudate is similar)

How to tell them apart? 

N. gonorrhoeae’s exudate is more purulent than C. trachomatis.

N. gonorrhoeae’s exudate is “greenish-yellowish” but C. trachomatis’s is whiter.

N. gonorrhoeae is always inside a PMN while C. trachomatis is not 

Grows in Thayer-Martin medium (chocolote agar + antibiotics, is a selective medium)

Bacterial strain X is resistant to Ampicillin and sensitive to Gentamycin. Bacterial strain Y is resistane to gentamycin and sensitive to Ampicillin. Bacterial strain X and Y are grown in mixed culture in medium without antibiotics, then the culture is plated on medium containing both ampicillin…

Eukaryotes of microbiology

Anaerobic ABC

A ctinomyces

B acteroides

C lostridium

Hey everyone!

 Here (x) is my Microbiology note! Sorry for the delay; I’ve been pretty busy these past few days. Have a lovely week!

Medically Important Bacteria: Clasification

What is Acute or Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis?

Acute or Subacute Bacterial Endocarditis is an infection of the heart’s endocardium. The endocardium is the inner lining of the heart muscle, which also covers the heart valves. Bacterial Endocarditis can damage or even destroy your heart valves. The difference between acute and subacute bacterial endocarditis is acute bacterial endocarditis is a sudden onset, whereas subacute bacterial endocarditis is a gradual onset.

Acute endocarditis most often occurs when an aggressive species of skin bacteria, especially a staphylococcus (staph), enters the bloodstream and attacks a normal, undamaged heart valve. Once staph bacteria begin to multiply inside the heart, they may send small clumps of bacteria called septic emboli into the bloodstream to spread the infection to other organs, especially to the kidneys, lungs and brain. Intravenous (IV) drug users are at very high risk of acute endocarditis, because numerous needle punctures give aggressive staph bacteria many opportunities to enter the blood.If untreated, this form of endocarditis can be fatal in less than six weeks.

Subacute endocarditis is caused by one of the viridans group of streptococci (Streptococcus sanguis, mutans, mitis or milleri) that normally live in the mouth and throat. Streptococcus bovis or Streptococcus equinus also can cause subacute endocarditis, typically in patients who have some form of gastrointestinal cancer, usually colon cancer. Subacute endocarditis tends to involve heart valves that already are damaged in some way, and it usually is less likely to cause septic emboli than acute endocarditis. If untreated, subacute bacterial endocarditis can worsen for as long as one year before it is fatal.