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Voyager: The Golden Record

It’s the 1970s, and we’re about to send two spacecraft (Voyager 1 & 2) into space. These two spacecraft will eventually leave our solar system and become the most distant man-made objects…ever. How can we leave our mark on them in the case that other spacefarers find them in the distant future?

The Golden Record.

We placed an ambitious message aboard Voyager 1 and 2, a kind of time capsule, intended to communicate a story of our world to extraterrestrials. The Voyager message is carried by a phonograph record, a 12-inch gold-plated copper disk containing sounds and images selected to portray the diversity of life and culture on Earth.

The Golden Record Cover

The outward facing cover of the golden record carries instructions in case it is ever found. Detailing to its discoverers how to decipher its meaning.

In the upper left-hand corner is an easily recognized drawing of the phonograph record and the stylus carried with it. The stylus is in the correct position to play the record from the beginning. Written around it in binary arithmetic is the correct time of one rotation of the record. The drawing indicates that the record should be played from the outside in.

The information in the upper right-hand portion of the cover is designed to show how the pictures contained on the record are to be constructed from the recorded signals. The top drawing shows the typical signal that occurs at the start of the picture. The picture is made from this signal, which traces the picture as a series of vertical lines, similar to ordinary television. Immediately below shows how these lines are to be drawn vertically, with staggered “interlace” to give the correct picture rendition. Below that is a drawing of an entire picture raster, showing that there are 52 vertical lines in a complete picture.

Immediately below this is a replica of the first picture on the record to permit the recipients to verify that they are decoding the signals correctly. A circle was used in this picture to ensure that the recipients use the correct ratio of horizontal to vertical height in picture reconstruction.

The drawing in the lower left-hand corner of the cover is the pulsar map previously sent as part of the plaques on Pioneers 10 and 11. It shows the location of the solar system with respect to 14 pulsars, whose precise periods are given.

The drawing containing two circles in the lower right-hand corner is a drawing of the hydrogen atom in its two lowest states, with a connecting line and digit 1 to indicate that the time interval associated with the transition from one state to the other is to be used as the fundamental time scale, both for the time given on the cover and in the decoded pictures.

The Contents

The contents of the record were selected for NASA by a committee chaired by Carl Sagan of Cornell University and his associates. 

They assembled 115 images and a variety of natural sounds, such as those made by surf, wind and thunder, birds, whales and other animals. To this, they added musical selections from different cultures and eras, and spoken greetings from Earth-people in fifty-five languages, and printed messages from President Carter and U.N. Secretary General Waldheim.

Listen to some of the sounds of the Golden Record on our Soundcloud page:

Golden Record: Greetings to the Universe

Golden Record: Sounds of Earth

Songs from Chuck Berry’s “Johnny B. Goode,” to Beethoven’s Fifth Symphony are included on the golden record. For a complete list of songs, visit: https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/golden-record/whats-on-the-record/music/

The 115 images included on the record, encoded in analog form, range from mathematical definitions to humans from around the globe. See the images here: https://voyager.jpl.nasa.gov/golden-record/whats-on-the-record/images/

Making the Golden Record

Many people were instrumental in the design, development and manufacturing of the golden record. 

Blank records were provided by the Pyral S.A. of Creteil, France. CBS Records contracted the JVC Cutting Center in Boulder, CO to cut the lacquer masters which were then sent to the James G. Lee Record Processing center in Gardena, CA to cut and gold plate eight Voyager records.

The record is constructed of gold-plated copper and is 12 inches in diameter. The record’s cover is aluminum and electroplated upon it is an ultra-pure sample of the isotope uranium-238. Uranium-238 has a half-life of 4.468 billion years.

Learn more about the golden record HERE.

Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space: http://nasa.tumblr.com

2016 Sets Global Temperature Record

We just experienced the hottest year on record…again.

2016 was hotter than 2015, the previous record. And 2015 hotter than 2014, the previous record year.

These record temperatures are all part of a warming trend that dates back to the late-19th century, largely caused by human emissions of carbon dioxide and other gases into the atmosphere.

A lot of this warming trend has been in the last 35 years. In fact, 16 of the 17 warmest years on record have been since 2001.

To help us gather this data, planes and boats travel out from Antarctic research stations to gather information from the Arctic region, in addition to space-based observatories.

Scientists at our Goddard Institute for Space Studies analyze data from 6,300 weather stations, observations of sea surface temperature and Antarctic research stations, all to determine how the average surface temperature is changing.

Scientists at the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration separately analyze the same data to track global temperature.

The two agencies reached the same conclusion about 2016’s record-setting heat.

Variations in local weather mean parts of the globe did not experience a record-setting year. Some places still had snow, cold weather and below-record temperatures, but the overall global average was higher than any previous year.

For instance, according to NOAA the average temperature in the 48 contiguous United States was not quite as high as in 2015, which still holds the record.

A combination of space- and land-based measurements gives us a unique perspective on Earth, the only planet we know of that supports life.

To learn more about the global temperature record or see how average surface temperature for individual months, visit: http://data.giss.nasa.gov/gistemp/

Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space: http://nasa.tumblr.com

Houston, We Have a Launch!

Today, three new crew members will launch to the International Space Station. NASA astronaut Jeff Williams, along with Russian cosmonauts Alexey Ovchinin and Oleg Skripochka, are scheduled to launch from the Baikonur Cosmodrome in Kazakhstan at 5:26 p.m. EDT. The three Expedition 47 crew members will travel in a Soyuz spacecraft, rendezvousing with the space station six hours after launch.

Traveling to the International Space Station is an exciting moment for any astronaut. But what if you we’re launching to orbit AND knew that you were going to break some awesome records while you were up there? This is exactly what’s happening for astronaut Jeff Williams.

This is a significant mission for Williams, as he will become the new American record holder for cumulative days in space (with 534) during his six months on orbit. The current record holder is astronaut Scott Kelly, who just wrapped up his one-year mission on March 1.

On June 4, Williams will take command of the station for Expedition 48. This will mark his third space station expedition…which is yet another record!

Want to Watch the Launch?

You can! Live coverage will begin at 4:30 p.m. EDT on NASA Television, with launch at 5:26 p.m.

Tune in again at 10:30 p.m. to watch as the Soyuz spacecraft docks to the space station’s Poisk module at 11:12 p.m.

Hatch opening coverage will begin at 12:30 a.m., with the crew being greeted around 12:55 a.m.

NASA Television: https://www.nasa.gov/nasatv

Follow Williams on Social!

Astronaut Jeff Williams will be documenting his time on orbit, and you can follow along on Facebook, Instagram and Twitter.

Make sure to follow us on Tumblr for your regular dose of space: http://nasa.tumblr.com

I found a picture that someone apparently was secretly taking of my desk ...

My desk looks a lot like this one. But outside is much more snow, on the windows are frost pattern and I don't have any donuts and coffee mugs on the table ':) And my cat is actually black, but that’s fine ;) I think this picture is awesome and very very beautiful, so I had to share it!

La Estación Espacial Internacional (ISS) es un centro de investigación en la órbita terrestre, cuya administración, gestión y desarrollo está a cargo de la cooperación internacional.

El proyecto funciona como una estación espacial permanentemente tripulada, en la que rotan equipos de astronautas e investigadores de las cinco agencias del espacio participantes: la Agencia Administración Nacional de la Aeronáutica y del Espacio (NASA), la Agencia Espacial Federal Rusa (FKA), la Agencia Japonesa de Exploración Espacial (JAXA), la Agencia Espacial Canadiense (CSA) y la Agencia Espacial Europea (ESA)

CURIOSIDADES

- La ISS está en construcción desde 1998 y es el objeto artificial más grande en órbita terrestre. 

- Desde la llegada de la primera expedición en noviembre del 2000…la Estación Espacial ostenta el récord de presencia humana permanente más duradera en el espacio con unos 18 años.

-  La velocidad promedio de la ISS es 7.67 kilómetros por segundo, es decir, 27 600 kilómetros por hora.

- Completa una vuelta a la Tierra en, aproximadamente, 92 minutos.

- Pesa aproximadamente 450 toneladas, y mide 72.8 metros de largo, 108 metros de ancho y 20 metros de alto.

- Se encuentra a unos 408 km de altura aproximadamente de la superficie de la Tierra (Febrero 2015).

- Costo estimado de  $120 000 millones de dólares estadounidenses.

- La ISS ha sido visitada por astronautas de 15 países distintos.

- La ISS puede ser visible a simple vista desde la Tierra, como un pequeño punto blanco que se mueve lentamente por el cielo. Depende de las condiciones, pero la hora en que tiene mayor visibilidad es poco antes del amanecer o después del atardecer, ya que la estación todavía brilla iluminada por el sol pero el cielo está más oscuro.

- Casi toda la comida a bordo de la ISS consiste en alimentos en envases de plástico sellados al vacío.

“A classic that I never get tired of: the orange solar panel in front of the blue–white background and the curvature of Earth” wrote astronaut Thomas Pesquet (@thom_astro) of the European Space Agency from aboard the International Space Station. 

The space station serves as the world’s leading laboratory for conducting cutting-edge microgravity research, and is the primary platform for technology development and testing in space to enable human and robotic exploration of destinations beyond low-Earth orbit, including Mars. 

Credit: NASA/ESA

A toon Boris moodboard with a vintage theme

A request I did for a friend

A Tiff moodboard with a red theme

Driving to any music festival and listening to music with earphones in your ear is the equivalent of the third guy recording the porno movie

I love how this Character came out!!looks so wapo! :3🥝🥝💥💥🥝🥝 #artwork #drawing #artstagram #digitalartworks #record #paint #illustration #fanart #artlovers #galleryart #artistic_share #drawings #art_we_inspire #painting #beautiful #kawaii #art #drawn #creative #draw #instaartwork #digitaldrawing #artist #digitalart #purple #pop #digitalartwork #mangaart #summer #kiwi https://www.instagram.com/p/CZ_0MneuMs2/?utm_medium=tumblr

I finally finish this Artwork!😇 been long while now bc I had no idea what to put in the background lol😤 #artwork #drawing #artstagram #digitalartworks #record #paint #illustration #fanart #artlovers #galleryart #artistic_share #drawings #art_we_inspire #painting #beautiful #kawaii #art #drawn #creative #draw #instaartwork #digitaldrawing #artist #digitalart #banana #icecream #pop #digitalartwork https://www.instagram.com/angelicxirisx/p/CXs2NYOrSud/?utm_medium=tumblr

Classic

Big Day In Space: NASA Co-Op #3 Week 12

Spacewalk

An International Space Station spacewalk with a runaway micrometeorite shield and SpaceX landing of a rocket which has already flown in space marks a busy week in space exploration.

American NASA astronaut Peggy Whitson conducted her eight spacewalk March 30th, 2017. Logging an accumulative 59 spacewalk hours, Peggy has surpassed the current record of female spacewalk hours. Peggy is now the third most experience spacewalker behind Anatoly Solovyev (68 hours) and former astronaut Mike Lopez-Alegria (67 hours). Accompanying Peggy on the spacewalk was current Space Station commander Shane Kimbrough.

The goals of the spacewalk included reconnecting cables and electrical connections to PMA3 on the Harmony node. Peggy and Shane also installed an upgraded computer relay box on Space Station's truss and installed shields to PMA3 and common berthing mechanism.

During the spacewalk, one of the shields was inadvertently lost. Fortunately, the shield floated away safely and does not pose a threat to Space Station nor the crew. However, the device missing a shield still needed to be protected. Mission Control engineers jumped into action with an Apollo 13-esque energy to solve how to replace the cover. They devised a plan for the astronauts to finish covering the port with the PMA-3 cover Whitson removed earlier in the day.

Leading this effort from the ground included  light Director Emily Nelson and Capsule Communicator (CAPCOM)/Astronaut Anne McClain. Below you can see circled in green CAPCOM McClain & circled in purple Flight Director Nelson. 

SpaceX Reusable Rocket

Falcon 9 rocket will delivered a commercial communications satellite to a Geostationary Transfer Orbit (GTO). SpaceX is on the road to full and rapid reusability as the world’s first reflight of an orbital class rocket, whereas NASA's Shuttle was a human transport between Earth and Space Station.  Falcon 9’s first stage was previously supported a mission in April of 2016.

Rewatch the launch and landing broadcast here.

WAYS TO GET INVOLVED

Science Friday featured NASA Robotics and exploring the galaxy

Apply to be a NASA Intern

Accomplishments this week at NASA

NASA panelists at a Women History Month event

Launch your Aerospace Career

More pictures from the spacewalk...

Fiat Turbina. 50s' Italian style.

Another racecar with Gulf livery!

Leo Kinnunen, the first Finnish F1 driver dies at the age of 73. Kinnunen raced most of his career driving Porsche’s cars. One of his most memorable victories was 1969 Targa Florio with Porsche 908/3. Kinnunen set a laptime of 33'36min, which is still the fastest time ever recorded in Targa Florio via /r/Autos

la repisa que le hice a mis vinilos ahora falta comprar mas para llenarla x] 

Painted on a record for the first time and decided to make it lovejoy themed