Bacterial Strain X Is Resistant To Ampicillin And Sensitive To Gentamycin. Bacterial Strain Y Is Resistane

Passive Immunotherapy

Active immunotherapies:

Cytokines (TNFa IL-2, IFNs)

Cancer vaccines

tumour CTL and APC

DC priming

Passive immunotherapy:

Administration of monocolnal (clone derived asexually from a single individual or cell) antibodies which target either tumour-specific or over expressed antigens

Generally comprised of antibodies made outside of the body (in a lab)

administered to patients to provide immunity against a disease, or to help fight existing disease

do not stimulate a patient’s body to ‘actively’ respond to a disease the way a vaccine does

immunogen is given several times to induce a strong secondary response

blood serum contains many different antibodies to the immunogen

most immunogens have multiple antigenic epitopes 

each stimulates a different B cell clone/receptor –> polyclonal antibody (PAb) response 

Monoclonal antibody (mAb) therapy is the most widely used form of cancer immunotherapy. Monoclonal antibodies cannot be purified from a polyclonal sample and are derived from a single clone/specific for a single epitope.

Antibodies in cancer therapy:

Trigger immune system to attack cancer cells 

Block molecules that stop the immune system working (checkpoint inhibitors)

 Block signals telling cancer cells to divide 

Carry drugs or radiation to cancer cells

Checkpoint inhibitors

Immune system uses particular molecules to stop it being over activated and damaging healthy cells  - these are known as checkpoints

some cancers make high levels of checkpoint molecules to switch of immune system T cells which would normally attack cancer cells

examples of targets include CTLA-4, PD-1 and PD-L1 (programmed death ligand 1)

Blocking cell division signals 

Cancer cells often express large amounts of growth factor receptors on their surface –> rapid cell division when growth factors stimulate them

some monoclonal antibodies stop growth factor receptors working

either by blocking the signal or the receptor itself 

cancer no longer gets signal to divide

Carrying drugs/radiation

drugs or radioisotopes can be attached to monoclonal antibodies

the mAB binds to the cancer cell, delivering directly

known as conjugated MABs

black and white checklist for sketchy micro

11.19.17

2 more days until break

Music mood: Mili - Miracle Milk

Hey, I’m back with another masterpost. I decided to include some of my tips.

Use the forest app to keep you off your phone, your phone is a distractions you face when studying

Try making a to-do list to plan out how much time you take to do each task so you keep track of time

Set rewards i.e. if I finish this task at 9am instead of 9.30am, I’ll watch my favourite tv show for 1 hour instead of 30mins.

How to be disciplined

I guess this is pretty much like a habit. So try to maybe start small, i.e. study 10 mins each day and gradually increase the time limit if you feel comfortable doing so. The reason I chose 10 mins is because it seems like a very short period of time so it’s easier for you to get to work.

How to manage studies with social media

Always set a time period for your school work. For example, after 30 minutes of browsing through your social media, force yourself to do a piece of school work. That way, you will still get work done instead of browsing through your social media all day long.

If you realise on tumblr, I don’t come up with an original post every day and I tend to reblog my old post or queue others posts so don’t stress too much on coming up with a post. For instagram, you could try to take pictures all during the weekend, so you don’t have to stress taking them after school, etc.  But it is important to always put studies first before your social media.

Consider switching off your phone or even deleting your social media apps or deactivating them during exams period if they are really getting in the way of your studies.

Plan

How to schedule your day when you’re unemployed by @businessinsider

How to stick your plans by @cafeinated

How to make and stick to your study plan by @sherlocks-study

Create long term study plan + how to stick to study routines by @studyforyourself

Start

How to start studying by @studylou

How to start working when you really don’t feel like it? by @studentstoolbox

What to do when you really don’t want to study by @yeon-studies

How to stop scrolling through tumblr for 3 hours when you have work by @effectivestudies

More productive

How to become more productive by @to-work-or-not-to-work

How I increased my productivity by 3 times by @brbimstudying

4 secrets to efficiency

The ivy lee method for peak productivity by @harcules

General

How to study as a busy student by @julstudies

Use studyblr to become productive by @determinationandcaffeine

Take a productive break by @thestudycoffee

5 things everyone should do on sunday night by @staedtlers-and-stabilos

Productivity 101 by @lets-study-together

The no bullshit guide to getting your shit together: for the lazy student by @knoweldge

Habits

8 morning habits for productivity by @eintsein

The 8 habits of highly productive people by @medicinasanguis

Habits of highly effective people by @onlinecounsellingcollege

6 habits for maximum productivity by @livingthatlibrarylifestyle

How to develop self discipline

How to wake up earlier by @gurl

Motivation

Focus and motivation by @katsdesk

Whenever you’re feeling unmotivated and sleepy by @evergreenstudies

How to stay awake while studying without caffeine by @getshitsdone

How to be productive + motivated on weekends by @studywithinspo

Procrastination

Types of procrastination and how to deal with them by @emmastudies

How to stop procrastination

How to stop procrastinating by @cutestudystuff

15 productivity hacks for procrastinators by @engincrd

Unconventional methods to beat procrastination by @hawkestudies

What type of procrastinator are you by @b-uwu-ng

Eliminating procrastination and distraction during a study session by @simply-study

Productive when travelling

productive commutes by @universi-tea

productivity on road trips by @intellectys

Tips

7 productivity tips by @simmonestudies

10 small tips to improve your productivity

The dutch student’s productivity tips by @thedutchstudent

My top 10 tips for productivity by @lovelybluepanda

21 tips to become the most productive person you know by @studying-towards-success

Tips and tricks for busy students by @roeum

Time management

Managing time

How to manage time by @solar-citrus

How i manage my time by @pensandmachines

Time management 

Tips

Time management tips by @365text

Time management tips for busy students

Time management tips

Tips for time management by @holocrams

26 time management hacks I’d wish I’d known at 20 by @geekvitamin

How to make the best use of your time by @tbhstudying

5 ways to manage your time efficiently by @quadrtics

Printables

Daily planner by @arystudies

Weekly planner by @studyblrbunny

Productivity printables by @thearialligraphyproject

Habit tracker by @candydsgn

Schedules by @kouiro

Bullet journal

My 2016 bullet journal setup

Sounds

Study sounds by @studyquill

Other masterposts by me

Printables

College

Apps for students

Note taking

Math

Bullet journal

icon credit to @nerdastically

Hi, everyone!! I’ve had a studyblr for about a week now and have already met so many kind, supportive people. I couldn’t be more thankful. That said, I really wanted to give back to such an amazing community! So here’s my first printable for you! 

It includes:

a 5AM-10PM schedule (for my early hustlers)

‘Top 3 Priorities’ + ‘Can Wait’ categories

a ‘To-Do’ list

Daily Goals, Notes, Doodles

a water tracker (stay hydrated, friends!)

10 Good Things (reflect back on your day and jot down the little things that made you happy even if your day wasn’t the greatest)

They’re available for download in PDF and PNG formats + in pink, blue, yellow, and white! I’ve also made a grid and grid-less version! 

Grid

Blue: pdf / png Pink: pdf / png White: pdf / png Yellow: pdf / png

No Grid

Blue: pdf / png Pink: pdf / png White: pdf / png Yellow: pdf / png

And here’s a link to the entire folder on my DropBox!

Please tag me with #arystudies or mention me if you use these!! I’d love to see them in action. :’) I’m also really curious to see what you all think of them, so please let me know!! 

Be sure to check out my monthly calendars too!

Happy studying!  

Tularemia as a biological weapon

It was viewed as an attractive agent because:

it is easy to aerosolize,

it is highly infective; 10-50 bacteria are required to infect,

it is nonpersistent and easy to decontaminate (unlike anthrax),

it is highly incapacitating to infected persons,

it has comparatively low lethality, which is useful where enemy soldiers are in proximity to noncombatants, e.g. civilians

can you see the irony……we are working our ass off to kill these bugs.At th same time some weirdo working in one lab is making bio weapon.

Review sheets from my microbiology exam last Monday 🔬

Most Common facts about infectious diseases

1. Most common cause of septic arthritis in a person less than 40 years old = Gonococcus 2. Most common cause of osteomyelitis in general population = S. aureus 3. Most common cause of osteomyelitis in Sickle Cell patients = Salmonella 4. Most common cause of osteomyelitis due to nail-puncture wounds = Pseudomonas (V.Imp!) 5. Most common parasitic infection of the brain = Neurocysticercosis 6. Most common cause of Encephalitis in USA = Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) 7. Most common cause of dysentry in the USA = C. jejuni (undercooked poultry) 8. Second most cause of dysentry in the USA = Shigella (daycare centers) 9. Most common cause of pneumonia in nursing home residents = S. pneumoniae 10. Most common cause of malignant otitis externa = P. aeruginosa 11. Most common risk for contracting HIV in USA= Intravenous Drug Use 12. Most common presenting Manifestation of AIDs = P. carinii pneumonia 13. Most common cause of Menigitis in adolescents = N. Gonorhhaea 14. Most common cause of Meningitis in the USA = Streptococcus pneumoniae 15. Most common Neurological Manifestation of Lyme Disease = Facial Nerve palsy! 16. Most common Cardiac manifestation of Lyme Disease = AV Heart Block 17. Most Common viral STD in the USA = HPV ! 18. Most Common Complication of Mumps in Pre-pubertal Children = Encephalitis 19. Most Common Complication of Mumps in Pubertal and Post-Pubertal Adults (and Males) = Orchitis

Me durning finals.