Nov.21 | Day 21 Of @justjasminestudying‘s challenge

Live, attenuated Vaccines Available in the US

Live vaccines induce HUMORAL & CELL-MEDIATED immunity

MRS.  V.Z.  FYI  MAP

M umps / M easles

R ubella

S mallpox

.

V aricella Z oster

.

F rancisella tularensis

Y ellow Fever

In fluenza (intranasal)

.

M icobaterium bovis (BCG)

A denovirus

P olio (sabin)

Mycobaterium tuberculosis PATHOGENESIS

Facultative intracellular

Sulfatides: inhibit PHAGOLYSOSOME FORMATION allowing intracellular survival.

Cord Factor (serpentine growth in vitro): disrupts mithochondrial respiration and oxidative phosphorilation and inhibits leukocyte migration.

Tuberculin + Mycolic Acid: type IV hypersensitivity (delayed hs), Cellular Mediated Immunity (CMI)

Gram staining

ANTIBIOTICS CHEAT SHEET :)

Also, REMEMBER!!!!

* Sulfonamides compete for albumin with:

Bilirrubin: given in 2°,3°T, high risk or indirect hyperBb and kernicterus in premies

Warfarin: increases toxicity: bleeding

* Beta-lactamase (penicinillase) Suceptible:

Natural Penicillins (G, V, F, K)

Aminopenicillins (Amoxicillin, Ampicillin)

Antipseudomonal Penicillins (Ticarcillin, Piperacillin)

* Beta-lactamase (penicinillase) Resistant:

Oxacillin, Nafcillin, Dicloxacillin

3°G, 4°G Cephalosporins

Carbapenems 

Monobactams

Beta-lactamase inhibitors

* Penicillins enhanced with:

Clavulanic acid & Sulbactam (both are suicide inhibitors, they inhibit beta-lactamase)

Aminoglycosides (against enterococcus and psedomonas)

* Aminoglycosides enhanced with Aztreonam

* Penicillins: renal clearance EXCEPT Oxacillin & Nafcillin (bile)

* Cephalosporines: renal clearance EXCEPT Cefoperazone & Cefrtriaxone (bile)

* Both inhibited by Probenecid during tubular secretion.

* 2°G Cephalosporines: none cross BBB except Cefuroxime

* 3°G Cephalosporines: all cross BBB except Cefoperazone bc is highly highly lipid soluble, so is protein bound in plasma, therefore it doesn’t cross BBB.

* Cephalosporines are "LAME“ bc they  do not cover this organisms 

L  isteria monocytogenes

A  typicals (Mycoplasma, Chlamydia)

M RSA (except Ceftaroline, 5°G)

E  nterococci

* Disulfiram-like effect: Cefotetan & Cefoperazone (mnemonic)

* Cefoperanzone: all the exceptions!!!

All 3°G cephalosporins cross the BBB except Cefoperazone.

All cephalosporins are renal cleared, except Cefoperazone.

Disulfiram-like effect

* Against Pseudomonas:

3°G Cef taz idime (taz taz taz taz)

4°G Cefepime, Cefpirome (not available in the USA)

Antipseudomonal penicillins

Aminoglycosides (synergy with beta-lactams)

Aztreonam (pseudomonal sepsis)

* Covers MRSA: Ceftaroline (rhymes w/ Caroline, Caroline the 5°G Ceph), Vancomycin, Daptomycin, Linezolid, Tigecycline.

* Covers VRSA: Linezolid, Dalfopristin/Quinupristin

* Aminoglycosides: decrease release of ACh in synapse and act as a Neuromuscular blocker, this is why it enhances effects of muscle relaxants.

* DEMECLOCYCLINE: tetracycline that’s not used as an AB, it is used as tx of SIADH to cause Nephrogenic Diabetes Insipidus (inhibits the V2 receptor in collecting ducts)

* Phototoxicity: Q ue S T  ion?

Q uinolones

Sulfonamides

T etracyclines

* p450 inhibitors: Cloramphenicol, Macrolides (except Azithromycin), Sulfonamides

* Macrolides SE: Motilin stimulation, QT prolongation, reversible deafness, eosinophilia, cholestatic hepatitis

* Bactericidal: beta-lactams (penicillins, cephalosporins, monobactams, carbapenems), aminoglycosides, fluorquinolones, metronidazole.

* Baceriostatic: tetracyclins, streptogramins, chloramphenicol, lincosamides, oxazolidonones, macrolides, sulfonamides, DHFR inhibitors.

* Pseudomembranous colitis: Ampicillin, Amoxicillin, Clindamycin, Lincomycin.

* QT prolongation: macrolides, sometimes fluoroquinolones

My assistant

Stuff in my Office

From 1930. This well-dressed young scientist is experimenting with The Air. Exactly what he is doing is a mystery.

July 25 …. I finally get it!  He’s holding an eye dropper with a bulb on the end. I thought it was a pair of chopsticks! He’s picking up pieces of paper using the vacuum from squeezing the bulb! Still very formal, though …

[17 Dec 2017] (i thought i’d posted but it’s not appearing? ):) so sorry for the lack of original posts all these months! school has been so tough & i’ve just completed my mid-sem assessments & it’s finally my break! can’t wait to unwind and catch up on my sleep ;-;

Side effects of drugs commonly given to the elderly

For sleep aid do not give barbituates or diphenhydramine (1st gen antihistamine). Instead, give Ramelteon.  

Tumblr room🕯

Hepatitis Viruses Mnemonic

P residential   H onor  F ree  D.C.

Virus & Lab

A = P icornavirus, naked capside, RNA, anti-HAV-IgM

B = H epadnavirus, enveloped, DNA, anti-HBc IgM, HBsAg, HBeAg

C = F lavivirus, enveloped, RNA, anti-HVC ELISA

D = D efective, enveloped circular RNA, anti-HDV ELISA

E = C alcivirus, naked capsid, RNA, -